Retroflex group:
ട (ṭa) – retroflex t
ഠ (ṭha) – aspirated retroflex th
ഡ (ḍa) – retroflex d
ഢ (ḍha) – breathy retroflex dh
ണ (ṇa) – retroflex n
Dental group:
ത (ta) – dental t
ഥ (tha) – aspirated dental th
ദ (da) – dental d
ധ (dha) – breathy dental dh
ന (na) – dental n
Labial group:
പ (pa) – p as in "spin"
ഫ (pha) – ph / f
ബ (ba) – b
ഭ (bha) – breathy bh
മ (ma) – m
Additional:
യ (ya), ര (ra), ല (la), വ (va), ശ (śa), ഷ (ṣa), സ (sa), ഹ (ha), ള (ḷa), ഴ (ḻa), റ (ṟa)
Practice: Try simple combinations like കി, നാ.